The Happiness Hypothesis
May 5, 2012 Leave a comment
The whole universe is change and life itself is but what you deem it. (Marcus Aurelius)
What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger. (Nietszche)
Do not seek to have events happen as you want them to, but instead want them to happen as they do happen, and your life will go well. (Epictetus)
The second sentence of the Declaration of Independence in the United States assures people the right to ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness”. Happiness: as fleeting as the moon sailing out from behind a cloud, only to disappear again in an instant. So what is happiness? After reading this book, The Happiness Hypothesis, I think I’m a little closer to knowing the answer!
Fact-hoarders, those with a general interest in psychology and the types that never want to stop learning would love this book. Johnathon Haidt’s work is not just another self-help quick-fix manual that teem countless crowded bookshops (Dukan diet for the mind anyone?), its more of a mixture of modern pop-psychology, biology, fable, literature and ancient tradition; mixing Eastern and Western philosophies together into a vertiable soup of information.
If a veritable soup of information isn’t your cup of tea, it’s also got alot to offer on the fascinating facts horizon too.
As many people who read it may find, its not a quick fix to get happy, more of an interesting philosphical debate on what happiness is. That said, you inately feel more intelligent after reading it and incidentally, I found, a little happier too. Like Bryson or even Gladwell, I feel Haidt manages to temper facts and essay style writing with a more fluid, conversational, storytelling approach ensuring the reader stays hooked.
Personally, this book couldn’t have come at a better time for me (you could blame fate, or perhaps somewhere in the deep recesses of my mind I knew I needed to go to the bookshop, then the Science and Psychology section and then stand there for half an hour trying to juggle among other things, a Starbucks and a book, while I read away. Or is my brain confabulating to make sense of why I did what I did perhaps? And I just settled on the idea of ‘fate’?!)
As Haidt says: “Moral judgment is like aesthetic judgment. When you see a painting, you usually know instantly and automatically whether you like it. If someone asks you to explain your judgment, you confabulate.”
Confabulation or not, for me it was sightly eerie finding this book at this time. Having almost completed my Foundation Certificate in Psychotherapy, a path I have been on since around last October, it is helping nicely to round up the end of ths year of my course and much of the book puts into words concepts and ideas I had already discovered for myself, but perhaps never verbalised in such a way as is put in the book. I’m also reading it in tandem with another book about psychology, called When Panic Attacks, by Aine Tubridy, which couldn’t be more suited to reading at the same time!
When Panic Attacks discusses how evolution may not find happiness useful for our ongoing survival. Finding a constant state of zen-like happiness may not be as easy as you hoped, since, unfortunately, the malediction of the human race is that we’re hard-wired to focus on the negative. For example, if you were building a fish that responded in the same way to danger as it did to positive opportunity, things wouldn’t work out in the fish’s favour when a shark came.
It wasn’t until Freud, and the arrival of psychoanalysis, that we recognised that perhaps our own minds were not always transparent – that they might be full of a a hell of alot of things that we aren’t aware of. Lurking in the corners of our brain, so much information exists that we might not be immediately privvy to.
At the same time, by training the mind, repeating different behaviour again and again until it eventually becomes normal, you can train yourself to be happier, more in touch with your thoughts and fulfilled.
One of the most important things you can learn from the Haidt book?
That your body is on your side and not to disregard your emotions.
In the beginning of the book it dicusses how the mind is divided between conscious processes and automatic processes. These two parts are like a rider on the back of an elephant. The rider’s inability to control the elephant by force explains many puzzles about our mental life, particularly why we have such trouble with weakness of will. This can be identifyable in the kind of situations such as knowing you want to or need to lose weight but going ahead and eating what you want to anyway! I think we can all identify with our rider knowing what we should have to eat, but our elephant refusing to take the healthy option, (instead opting for the chicken wings!)
While this might seem to be contrary to our survival and the elephant might seem rather annoying to the somewhat controlling rider – we also need to recognise that the elephant is very important. It is the emotions. Its the gut feeling and its protecting our survival. It might not be cold reason or logic, but its knowledge is implicit. Only by learning to listen equally to the rider and the elephant, can we become balanced individuals.
Similarly, in When Panic Attacks, Aine Tubridy discusses how panic attacks might seem unreasonable and silly but when you come to focus on the deeper reason behind why they’re happening you will come to see they not a malfunction, they are the body trying to tell you something is wrong. The body trying to keep you safe from danger. She explains how under hypnosis several clients came to understand the root of their panic attacks by understanding where they began. When they found out where they began, it all made logical sense – their automatic nervous system or as Haidt calls it ‘the elephant’ was simply saying ‘you’ve been threatened before in this situation you need to get to safety’. It was the body doing its job.
So in fact, rather then being stupid, the brain was being smart. It had bypassed the logical side of the panic attack victims brain, because our danger responses are immediately hard-wired to respond without us needing to think about it. If we needed to think about it logically for a few moments, we might be gonners – like the fish and the shark. In panic attacks, it is that part that takes over – the automatic response.
As to why a panic attack victim might lie about why they fled the room? Haidt throws up an answer – “In moral arguments, the rider goes beyond being just an advisor to the elephant; he becomes a lawyer, fighting in the court of public opinion to persuade others of the elephant’s point of view.”
The elephant left the room because he was scared, the rider explained that he left because it was too hot or because it was too crowded or because he needed the loo – even though all three of these excuses might have been lies.
(As a panic attack sufferer myself for three years now, and having had it affect my life profoundly, I know they come not as a logical concious response, merely as a hardwired response and until the cause is found, or a change occurs in the sufferer they can often be very, very difficult to ‘cure’.)
As Aine Tubridy explains, in todays society, where success and alpha male and female behaviours are rewarded heavily, it can become almost pathological for us to ignore our genuine inner needs, pushing them to the back of our minds – this is where panic attacks can originate.
Similarly, today’s society can harbour an immense culture of ‘negative thinking’. With criticism so rife these days, everywhere from TV to magazines, who can’t identify with constantly focusing on the negative sides to ourselves and our lives more than the positive – writing the compliments in the sand, the criticism in stone?
Who among us can say we’ve always taken problems’philosphically’ especially when something awful happens to you or a loved one, or even if you’re just having ‘one of those mornings’. When fifty things are going wrong at once, it can be difficult to sit back and take it philosophically! But doings this more often, might be the secret to happiness and health.
To take something “philosophically” means to accept a great misfortune without weeping or even suffering. We use this term in part because of the calmness, self-control, and courage that three ancient philosophers – Socrates, Seneca, and Boethius – showed while they awaited their executions.
After a liftetime of happiness, one of these philosophers ended up in jail awainting execution. After sobbing for weeks and asking “why me?”, a vision of Lady Philosophy came to him and explained Fortunes capricious and flaky nature and asked him why he thought she should have stayed with him for life, already knowing her nature? “No man can be secure until he has been forsaken by fotune.” Thus the philospher wrote a book which has comforted and inspired people for centuries and bravely faced his death.
Another tip to remember is that ”adverse fortune is more beneficial than good fortune; the latter only makes men greedy for more, but adversity makes them strong!”
As they say – what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.
So how can this book help you? Or more importantly how can you help yourself change your own life for the better?
For me, I’d say commitment to change is essential. Epiphanies, such as those brought by these type of books, can be life-altering but most fade in days or weeks. The rider can’t just decide to change and then order the elephant to go along with the program. Lasting change can come only by retraining the elephant, and that’s hard to do, but in psychotherapy this can be possible, I believe.
As for adversity? For me, certainly, the adversity I’ve had to face with panic attacks has made me stronger for the positive and its only now, after years of wondering “why me?!” I can look at it and feel positive and blessed by the journey my life has taken and is taking. I accept it now. Panic attacks weren’t my fault. I didn’t ask for them, I did ask for them to go away but they didn’t and that is life. They happened. Shit happens!
In the bigger picture, I’m a hell of a lucky girl, with alot to look forward to in my life, and a million things to be glad about, so you might say I’m taking it “philosphically” now!
Other issues Haidt covers is the importance in society of reciprocity. That and our inevitable, constant critic.
Part of our ultra-sociality is that we are constantly trying to manipulate others perceptions of ourselves, without realising that we are doing so. We see the faults of others clearly, but are blind to our own. Hypocrisy is part of human morality and sets us all up for lives of conflict. Part of being happy, Haidt discusses, is learning how to take off the moral glasses and see the world as it really is. Difficult indeed as we are all relatively brainwashed since birth and an amalgamation of all of our experiences to date. This is the only line I might have to disagree on in fact - ”To see the world as it really is?” Is this ever possible when reality is only what we percieve, a condition of the mind?
Perhaps its more a case of ‘seeing others in a more balanced fashion’ and loving and accepting people for who they are. Constantly channelling hate and anger at others is only a significant telltale sign of how hateful and angry one is with themselves. Changing others won’t make anyone happy, as no one can change his neighbour - only himself and how they themselves view things. As I often laugh at, to myself, when I feel bad at something nasty someone has said to me, or hostile behaviour I’ve experienced: “You can never hate me more than you hate yourself right now!”
Learning to love yourself for who you really are is important. It leads to having acceptance and love, or in some cases where cruel, harsh people are involved, pity, for those around you. Its not about denying your own anger, but about dealing with it by investigating where its coming from and watching where its going.
Most importantly to remember is this: nothing brings happiness until you are content with it!
Many might attribute happiness to a healthy family, others to a successful career; the sports car they saved for or perhaps even the ability to live their lives without being disturbed; contented and not stressed.
All of us claim to want happiness. But how many of us actually achieve it in our lifetimes?
How many of us look for it somewhere far away in the distance and can’t see it, right on our own doorstep?
James Oppenheim, American poet and early follower of Carl Jung once said: The foolish man seeks happiness in the distance, the wise grows it under his feet.
I’d be inclined to agree.





















